- Keun Hwa Jung, MD, PhD*,※, Woo-Keun Seo, MD, PhD†,※, Jong-Moo Park, MD, PhD‡, Jong Yun Lee, MD, PhD§, Sungwook Yu, MD, PhD†, Sung Ik Lee, MD∥, Sun U. Kwon, MD, PhD¶, Kyung-Yul Lee, MD, PhD**, Hyo Suk Nam, MD, PhD**, Ji Man Hong, MD, PhD††, Hee-Jung Song, MD PhD‡‡, Te Gyu Lee, MD, PhD§§, Si-Ryung Han, MD, PhD∥∥, Sang-Beom Kim, MD, PhD¶¶, Yang-Ha Hwang, MD, PhD***, Eung-Gyu Kim, MD, PhD†††, Sang Won Han, MD†††, Hyung-Min Kwon, MD, PhD*, Seung-Han Suk, MD, PhD∥, Jun Hong Lee, MD, PhD§§§, Seul-Ki Jeong, MD, PhD∥∥∥, Yong-Jae Kim, MD, PhD¶¶¶, Yong-Seok Lee, MD, PhD*
- Departments of Neurology, Seoul National University College of Medicine*, Korea University College of Medicine†, Eulji University College of Medicine‡, National Medical Center§, InAm Neuroscience Center, Wonkwang University School of Medicine∥, Ulsan University College of Medicine¶, Yonsei University College of Medicine**, Ajou University College of Medicine††, Chungnam National University College of Medicine‡‡, LTG Neuromedical center§§, The Catholic University College of Medicine∥∥, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine¶¶, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine***, Inje University College of Medicine†††, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital§§§, Chonbuk National University Medical School∥∥∥, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine¶¶¶
Transcranial Doppler (TCD) sonography is a safe and efficacious ultrasound test for various cerebrovascular
diseases. We suggest the clinical indications and utility of TCD with the established
evidences. We reviewed the published literature on TCD from 1982 through December 2015 in their
respective fields, including previous updates and considered reported clinical indications as established
if TCD performance has been tested in terms of applicability, yield, accuracy, and prognosis
including outcomes. Clinical indications considered by the expert panels as established are: sickle
cell disease, cerebral ischemia, detection of right-to-left shunts, subarachnoid hemorrhage, brain
death, and periprocedural or surgical monitoring. In clinical practices, the following TCD-procedures
could be considered in routine: TCD-examination to detect stenosed or occluded intracranial vessels,
collateral flow status and refine carotid-duplex or angiographic findings; vasomotor reactivity
test to identify high-risk patients for stroke; micro-emboli detection; right-to-left shunt detection in patients
with suspected paradoxical embolism; monitoring and facilitating thrombolysis; monitoring of endovascular stenting, carotid endarterectomy, and cardiac surgery to detect perioperative embolism,
thrombosis, hypo- and hyperperfusion. These clinical indications and utility of TCD will assist
the physicians who care the patients with various cerebrovascular diseases.
Journal of Neurosonology 8(1):14-29, 2016
Key Words: Transcranial doppler, Clinical indication, Clinical utility
